About 15 to 20 percent of all pregnancies lead to miscarriage, meaning they are lost before the
20th week of pregnancy.
Recurrent miscarriage is the loss of two or more pregnancies before 20th week of pregnancy.
Today, with the help of scientific developments and paramedical tests, finding the cause of
recurrent miscarriages in 60% of cases is possible.
The most common causes of recurrent miscarriage are:
-Uterine problems such as the presence of polyps or fibroids in the uterus
-Uterine adhesions
-Abnormal shapes of the uterus (for example: Bicornuate uterus)
-Autoimmune factors that cause the immune system to respond too much and reject the fetus.
-Thrombophilia factors that prevent proper blood supply to the placenta and fetus.
-Hormonal problems such as uncontrolled diabetes, thyroid disease or prolactin (breastfeeding
hormone) imbalance.
-Polycystic ovaries (PCOs)
-Genetic problems
-Infections
-Unhealthy lifestyle,obesity, smoking, alcohol and drug consumption.
-Abnormal sperms
Diagnosing the cause of recurrent miscarriage is possible by performing :
-Ultrasound ( Hysterosonography or 3D transvaginal sonography)to accurately assess the
uterus
-Blood tests
-Couples' genetic tests
-Detailed semen analysis
Recurrent miscarriage can be treated by infertility specialists based on its cause and the
following methods:
-Genetic screening before pregnancy
-Prescribing Anticoagulant drugs
-Treatment of diseases and hormonal imbalances -Surgery and removal of the intrauterine
barriers
-Lifestyle modification
7-Evaluation and treatment of premature ovarian failure(POF)
In premature ovarian failure, ovarian function is impaired before the age of 40 by stopping
ovulation and producing the hormone estrogen.
Although the symptoms of premature ovarian failure and menopause are the same,but the two
are quite different.
People with premature ovarian failure may have irregular periods for years and may even
become pregnant.
However, women who have premature menopause have stopped menstruating and can not get
pregnant.
Causes of POF:
-Genetic factors (chromosomal problems) like Turner syndrome and fragile X syndrome)
-Harmful factors to the ovaries such as surgery
chemotherapy and radiotherapy
-Autoimmune diseases
-Thyroid diseases
-Unknown reasons
If ovarian failure occurs at the younger ages, genetic factors are more likely to be present.
Exposure to toxins such as pesticides as well as some viruses can also cause premature
ovarian failure.
Symptoms and complications of POF include the following:
-Irregular menstruation or temporary interruption of menstruation.
-Flushing
-Night sweating
-Vaginal dryness
-Lack of focus
-Dry eyes
-Sleep disorders
-Osteoporosis
-Mood disorders and depression or anxiety
-Decreased sexual desire
-Heart disease
Diagnosis of premature ovarian failure:
Pelvic and ovarian ultrasound
Hormonal evaluation
Doing karyotyp ( a kind of genetic test) to find genetic defects
The treatment of premature ovarian failure will be based on the patient's chief complaint.